diff --git a/01_EJDE_spider/ejde_main.py b/01_EJDE_spider/ejde_main.py
index ad6b197..ec9cfee 100644
--- a/01_EJDE_spider/ejde_main.py
+++ b/01_EJDE_spider/ejde_main.py
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ def process_article(title, article_url):
                             "from_article": [article_id],
                             "first_name": name[0],
                             "last_name": name[-1],
-                            "middle_name": ''.join(name[1:-1]) if name[1:-1] else None,
+                            "middle_name": ''.join(name[1:-1]) if len(name[1:-1]) > 0 else None,
                             "affiliation": [{
                                 "year": volume,
                                 "affiliation": affiliation,
@@ -287,10 +287,10 @@ def process_article(title, article_url):
 
                         author_data = {
                             "author_id": str(uuid.uuid4()),
-                            "from_article": article_id,
+                            "from_article": [article_id],
                             "first_name": name[0],
                             "last_name": name[-1],
-                            "middle_name": ''.join(name[1:-1]) if name[1:-1] else None,
+                            "middle_name": ''.join(name[1:-1]) if len(name[1:-1]) > 0 else None,
                             "affiliation": [{
                                 "year": volume,
                                 "affiliation": affiliation,
diff --git a/02_EJQTDE_spider/ejqtde_scrawler.py b/02_EJQTDE_spider/ejqtde_scrawler.py
index 9c1bd5d..e27ce6a 100644
--- a/02_EJQTDE_spider/ejqtde_scrawler.py
+++ b/02_EJQTDE_spider/ejqtde_scrawler.py
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ def author_detail(Data, Year, article_id, Author_list):
 
     Firstname = author[0]
     Lastname = author[-1]
-    Middlename = ''.join(author[1:-1]) if author[1:-1] else None
+    Middlename = ''.join(author[1:-1]) if len(author[1:-1]) > 0 else None
 
     # infor
     table = Data.find('table', attrs={'border': '1', 'cellpadding': '2px'})
diff --git a/04_SpringerOpen_spider/SD_detail.py b/04_SpringerOpen_spider/SD_detail.py
index 98c78b4..76535be 100644
--- a/04_SpringerOpen_spider/SD_detail.py
+++ b/04_SpringerOpen_spider/SD_detail.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ def Author_dict(soup, article_id, Author_list):
 
         Firstname = author[0]
         Lastname = author[-1]
-        Middlename = ''.join(author[1:-1]) if author[1:-1] else None
+        Middlename = ''.join(author[1:-1]) if len(author[1:-1]) > 0 else None
 
         # Year
         Year = info.find('span', attrs={'data-test': 'article-publication-year'}).get_text() if info.find\